Since the impact of mobile applications is ubiquitous in the whole IT industry, there are numerous ways to create an app. There are various ways to build mobiles/handheld device apps into different technologies and within those those clusters into actual products or implementations.
1.Native Technology Stack
Apple Xcode (iOS):
With everything you need to create amazing apps for Apple platforms, Xcode is unbelievably quick and consistently smooth while editing even the largest files. It also understands your code better than ever, so you can select and edit the structure or even transform the selection directly in the editor. Powerful new refactoring tasks happen in place, renaming symbols across Swift, Objective-C, and even user interface files without skipping a beat.
IntelliJ AppCode (iOS):
It is Smart IDE for iOS mobile App development.Appcode provide Intelligent code assistance feature(Smart editor,Refactorings & and code generation,Code analysis),Built-in tools & integrations(Run & debug,Unit testing,Version control,Integrations,Xcode support,Plugins), Many languages - one IDE(Swift,Objective-C,C++).
Android Sudio (Android):
Android Studio provides the fastest tools for building apps on every type of Android device.World-class code editing, debugging, performance tooling, a flexible build system, and an instant build/deploy system all allow you to focus on building unique and high quality apps.
Android Developer Tools for Eclipse (Android):
With the help of the Android Developer Tools (ADT) plugin, Eclipse gains full support for Android app development. Besides offering Android-specific coding support, ADT lets developers use various on-device debugging tools, a graphical UI builder, emulators or fully scriptable test automation support. The ADT plugin is free.
Microsoft Visual Studio Express (Windows Phone):
Microsoft offers a variant of Visual Studio for developing Windows Phone applications with .NET. Visual Studio Express offers approved Visual Studio functionality together with Windows Phone specific tooling like a graphical UI builder or phone emulator. There is a 90-day trial version of Visual Studio which can be run on Microsoft Windows 8 (x64).
2.Hybrid Technology Stack
Adobe PhoneGap / Apache Cordova (cross-platform, hybrid):
Apache Cordova is an open-source framework to run HTML/JavaScript based applications inside a special native container on the mobile device. Native device functionality is exposed via JavaScript APIs and HTML based applications can thus access device specific functionality like sensors or camera. PhoneGap uses Cordova as its core and lets developers even build their applications in the cloud without the need of installing a native SDK. Basic PhoneGap functionality and Apache Cordova are free of charge.
Adobe Flex (cross-platform, app engine):
Flex is a highly productive, open source application framework for building and maintaining expressive web applications that deploy consistently on all major browsers, desktops, and devices. It provides a modern, standards-based language and programming model that supports common design patterns suitable for developers from many backgrounds.
Unity (cross-platform, app engine):
Unity also lets developers create applications for numerous platforms with a single code-base. Besides enhanced built-in support for audio, animation or physics, Unity hosts an asset shop to buy application fragments.
AppGuyver Steroids.js (cross platform, hybrid):
Steroids.js can be used to create cross-platform HTML5 based application like PhoneGap and also uses Apache Cordova as its core. To extend Cordovas functionality and increase performance it offers access to native UI components, navigation and animation.
3. HTML5 & JavaScript Technology Stack
jQuery Mobile:
jQuery Mobile is a JavaScript framework for creating touch enabled HTML5 websites. The sites are automatically responsive and can be used on broad range of phones and tablets. jQuery Mobile is open source and free to use.
Sencha Touch:
Similar to jQuery Mobile, Sencha Touch offers a wide range of ready-to-use HTML widgets to create complete HTML5 applications. Sencha is focused on high-performance and strives to deliver native user-experience.
Dojo Mobile:
The Dojo toolkit is a MVC framework including data binding to create mobile apps. It comes with various pre-defined widgets like sliders or switches and includes theming for popular mobile platforms to provide native look and feel. It can be used with PhoneGap to package an application and publish it in the app stores.
4.Cross-compilation Technology Stack
Xtend (Android):
Xtend is a Java dialect which compiles to Java source-code. Include generation features let developers create applications for the Android platform without the need for boiler-plate code.
Apportable:
Developers can write their applications in Objective-C for iOS and cross-compile them to Android with Apportable. Apportable does not use any virtual machines or emulator but generates native machine code for Android devices. A limited set of functionality can be used for free, full feature sets must be purchased on a yearly basis.
Xamarin:
Xamarin provide developers to create applications for multiple platforms with one code base. Apps can be written in C# and are cross-compiled to native Android or iOS binaries. It is even possible to use device specific APIs and functionality from within C# code.
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